The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has affirmed the February 11, 2025 order of the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware in the copyright dispute between Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH, West Publishing Corp. and ROSS Intelligence Inc. The judgment was delivered on September 29, 2026, following oral arguments on June 11, 2026, before a Bench comprising Judges Luis Felipe Restrepo, Tamika Montgomery-Reeves and Emil Bove.

The judgment records that the District Court’s February 11, 2025 order was affirmed, with costs to be taxed against ROSS Intelligence. The appellate judgment itself does not set out the Court’s reasoning and states that the affirmation is in accordance with the opinion of the Court.

The dispute concerns Thomson Reuters’ Westlaw headnotes and ROSS Intelligence’s use of material derived from those headnotes in developing a competing AI-powered legal research product. The District Court had previously held that ROSS infringed Thomson Reuters’ copyright in 2,243 Westlaw headnotes and rejected ROSS’s fair-use defence.